Treatment and Support for Survivors The treatment and support for survivors of female genital mutilation must be holistic, compassionate, and trauma-informed. Female genital mutilation causes not only physical injury but also emotional distress and long-term reproductive health issues. Care plans should address medical, psychological, and social needs. Medical Treatment Immediate or long-term care may involve: Wound care, if a girl or woman presents shortly after undergoing FGM Antibiotics, to treat infections or abscesses Pain management, especially for menstrual or sexual discomfort Surgical interventions, such as: Deinfibulation, which involves opening the sealed vaginal area (often necessary before childbirth) Reconstructive surgery, aimed at restoring normal anatomy and improving function Treatment should always be offered with consent and full explanation, especially in cultures where discussing genital health may be taboo. Gynaecological and Reproductive Health Ongoing support may include: Menstrual care, particularly in women with obstructed flow or painful periods Fertility support, if damage has affected the reproductive system Maternity care, including planning for safer delivery if infibulation is present Sexual health counselling, to address pain, fear, or difficulty with intimacy Healthcare providers must offer non-judgemental, culturally aware services that allow patients to feel safe and heard. Mental Health Support Many survivors of FGM live with: Anxiety and depression Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Shame, guilt, or low self-esteem Difficulty forming relationships or trusting others Therapies that may help include: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) Trauma-focused counselling Support groups, especially those led by survivors Culturally competent therapists, who understand the emotional and cultural weight of FGM Social and Community Support | Treatment and Support for Survivors Safeguarding services for minors or women at continued risk Legal aid and advocacy in countries where FGM is a criminal offence Education and outreach, helping communities understand the harms of FGM and promote alternatives Empowerment programmes, especially for women in diaspora settings where traditional roles may be changing Supporting survivors of female genital mutilation means treating more than just physical scars. It involves building trust, restoring dignity, and helping women and girls regain control of their bodies and lives. [Next: Complications of Female Genital Mutilation →]