Treatment of Diabetes in Pregnancy Treatment of diabetes in pregnancy focuses on keeping blood sugar levels within a healthy range to avoid complications for both mother and baby. Managing diabetes in pregnancy requires a tailored approach that balances nutrition, physical activity, and medication when necessary. Prompt and consistent treatment minimises the risk of pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, and delivery complications. Dietary Management The first line of treatment is usually medical nutrition therapy: Meals are planned to include complex carbohydrates, lean proteins, and healthy fats Simple sugars and highly processed foods are avoided Meals are spread across three smaller meals and two to three snacks per day to maintain steady glucose levels Carbohydrate counting or portion control tools may be used Consultation with a registered dietitian is often recommended to develop a personalised meal plan. Exercise and Lifestyle Regular light-to-moderate exercise, such as walking or prenatal yoga, improves insulin sensitivity Activity after meals helps lower postprandial glucose levels Adequate hydration and sleep also support blood sugar regulation Blood Glucose Monitoring Daily monitoring is essential: Fasting levels should ideally be ≤ 5.3 mmol/L One-hour post-meal levels should be ≤ 7.8 mmol/L If lifestyle changes alone do not maintain these targets, medication may be introduced. Medication during Treatment of Diabetes in Pregnancy Insulin injections are the most common medication used, as they do not cross the placenta Oral medications like metformin may be considered, though they are used cautiously in pregnancy Dosages are frequently adjusted throughout pregnancy due to hormonal changes. Monitoring the Baby Growth scans may be scheduled every 2–4 weeks to monitor for macrosomia (large baby) Amniotic fluid levels and placental health are also assessed Cardiotocography (CTG) may be used in later pregnancy to check foetal heart rate Delivery Planning Women with well-controlled diabetes may carry to full term Induction may be recommended around 38–40 weeks Caesarean delivery may be advised if the baby is large or other risks are present In summary, treatment of diabetes in pregnancy relies on a structured and individualised care plan. With close monitoring and proactive care, most women deliver healthy babies and return to normal glucose levels postnatally. [Next: Complications and Recovery from Diabetes in Pregnancy →]