Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, and they can go unnoticed for years. Many people have what are called “silent stones,” which cause no symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during medical scans.
Common Warning Signs
When symptoms do appear, they can be quite uncomfortable. The most typical sign is biliary colic—a sudden, sharp pain in the upper right or middle abdomen. This pain usually strikes after eating a fatty meal and may last for several minutes to a few hours. The pain might also radiate to the right shoulder or back.
Other common symptoms include:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Bloating and a feeling of fullness
- Indigestion or discomfort after eating
- Dark-coloured urine and pale stools
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
While many associate gallstones with sharp abdominal pain, not everyone experiences the classic signs. Some may feel vague indigestion, acid reflux, or even mild back discomfort. These less obvious symptoms can easily be mistaken for other gastrointestinal issues, which is why gallstones often go undiagnosed for some time.
Certain foods can also trigger these symptoms—especially high-fat meals, dairy, or fried dishes. People often report discomfort worsening after large or late meals, or when lying down shortly after eating.
Symptom Progression and Severity
At first, symptoms may come and go. This intermittent nature can be misleading, making people think the issue has resolved. However, over time, gallstone-related pain can increase in frequency and intensity. Attacks that once occurred once a month might start happening weekly or after every rich meal.
Without intervention, what begins as discomfort can evolve into more serious, persistent pain that disrupts sleep or daily activities. This progression highlights the importance of early recognition and monitoring.
When Gallstones Become Complicated
Gallstones can sometimes block the bile ducts, leading to serious conditions. Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, can cause persistent pain, fever, and tenderness in the abdomen. More severe complications like pancreatitis or cholangitis (bile duct infection) may develop if stones become lodged in ducts, and these require immediate medical attention.
Local and Global Relevance
In South Africa, gallstones are increasingly linked to Westernised diets high in fat and low in fibre. However, this is a global issue, with risk factors including obesity, rapid weight loss, and hormonal changes—particularly among women over 40.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you experience repeated episodes of abdominal pain after eating, especially pain that doesn’t improve with rest or over-the-counter medication, it’s important to speak to a healthcare provider. Simple tests, such as an ultrasound, can detect gallstones early and help prevent complications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can gallstones cause back pain or shoulder pain?
Yes, the pain may radiate to the back or right shoulder due to the location of the gallbladder and shared nerve pathways.
Do all gallstones cause symptoms?
No. Many people have “silent” stones that cause no problems. However, they may become symptomatic later.
Can gallstones be confused with acid reflux or ulcers?
Yes, especially when the pain is vague or non-specific. This makes a proper medical diagnosis essential.
👉 Next: What Causes Gallstones?
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
