Complications of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
Alcohol-related liver disease can lead to serious and life-threatening complications if not diagnosed and treated early. These complications often develop silently, making regular monitoring crucial for at-risk individuals.
1. Cirrhosis
The most severe and irreversible form of ARLD. Cirrhosis involves widespread scarring that impairs liver function, leading to:
- Bleeding problems
- Fluid buildup (ascites)
- Jaundice
- Fatigue and confusion
Once cirrhosis develops, damage cannot be reversed — only managed.
2. Liver Cancer
Cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer. Screening every 6 months with ultrasound and blood tests is recommended for high-risk patients.
3. Portal Hypertension
Scar tissue blocks blood flow through the liver, causing increased pressure in the portal vein. This can lead to:
- Variceal bleeding (from swollen veins in the oesophagus)
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
- Blood clotting abnormalities
4. Hepatic Encephalopathy
As toxins build up in the body, they affect the brain, leading to:
- Confusion
- Mood changes
- Poor coordination
- Coma (in severe cases)
This is a medical emergency and often seen in later stages of ARLD.
5. Kidney and Lung Problems
Advanced liver disease can lead to kidney failure (hepatorenal syndrome) or respiratory issues due to fluid buildup around the lungs.
6. Death
Without intervention, ARLD can result in multiple organ failure and death. It’s one of the leading causes of alcohol-related mortality globally.
Social Impact
Beyond physical health, ARLD disrupts lives — it affects work, relationships, and mental health. Depression, isolation, and financial strain are common, especially in communities where access to treatment is limited.
Education, early screening, and access to healthcare are key to reducing the burden of alcohol-related liver disease in South Africa and worldwide.
Related Topics
Complications of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Liver damage, Cirrhosis complications, Alcoholic hepatitis, Liver failure, Portal hypertension, Ascites, Variceal bleeding, Hepatic encephalopathy, Alcohol and liver health, End-stage liver disease, Chronic liver damage, Alcohol liver risks, Liver disease outcomes
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Causes of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease
