Complications of Alzheimer’s Disease
As Alzheimer’s disease progresses, it leads to a wide range of cognitive, physical, and behavioural complications. Complications of Alzheimer’s Disease severely affect quality of life and eventually lead to death — usually from infections or complications of immobility.
Cognitive Decline
- Memory loss worsens until the person can no longer recognise loved ones.
- Language difficulties progress to the point where communication is nearly impossible.
- Judgement and reasoning are lost, increasing risk of accidents or financial abuse.
Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms
- Agitation and aggression
- Depression and anxiety
- Wandering or getting lost
- Hallucinations or delusions in advanced stages
These changes often place a heavy emotional burden on caregivers.
Physical Complications
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), leading to choking or aspiration pneumonia
- Incontinence
- Falls due to poor balance and coordination
- Pressure sores from being bedridden
In late stages, people with Alzheimer’s become completely dependent, often bedridden and unable to eat or communicate.
Cause of Death
Most patients do not die from Alzheimer’s itself, but from complications such as:
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis from urinary infections or bedsores
- Malnutrition and dehydration
Emotional and Financial Toll
Families often struggle with:
- Guilt and grief
- Burnout and isolation
- High care costs, especially in private nursing facilities
Planning ahead, seeking professional guidance, and getting emotional support can help families manage these challenges.
While Alzheimer’s cannot yet be cured, early diagnosis, proper care, and compassion can make a powerful difference.
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Daleen Boshoff Individual & Family Counsellor Roodepoort