Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis
If not well-managed, ankylosing spondylitis can lead to a range of issues — some affecting the spine, others involving organs, joints, or mental health. Read more about the complications of ankylosing spondylitis below.
1. Spinal Fusion
- Long-term inflammation can cause new bone growth, leading to fusion of vertebrae
- Results in a rigid, hunched posture (kyphosis) and restricted movement
2. Fractures
- Fused spine becomes brittle and more prone to fractures, even with minor trauma
3. Eye Inflammation (Uveitis)
- Affects up to 40% of people with AS
- Causes eye pain, redness, blurred vision, and light sensitivity
- Needs urgent treatment to prevent vision loss
4. Cardiovascular Issues with Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Inflammation increases the risk of heart disease, aortic valve problems, and high blood pressure
5. Breathing Difficulties
- Fusion of the ribs and spine can restrict chest expansion
- Leads to reduced lung capacity
6. Fatigue and Depression
- Chronic pain and limited mobility can contribute to emotional distress, sleep issues, and depression
7. Functional Limitations
- Difficulty with daily tasks due to reduced flexibility
- May affect employment, driving, and independent living
Prevention and Monitoring Complications of Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Regular monitoring with rheumatologists and eye exams
- Bone density scans (to assess fracture risk)
- Heart health screening (especially with longstanding disease)
- Consistent use of prescribed therapy and physical rehabilitation
With the right treatment, people with AS can maintain mobility and lead active, productive lives.
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Dr Willem de Kock | Orthopaedic Surgeon – Westdene
Causes and Risk Factors of Ankylosing Spondylitis
