Treatment for Asthma
Asthma treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing flare-ups, and maintaining normal activity levels. Management includes both medication and lifestyle adjustments. Learn more about the treatment for asthma below.
1. Controller (Preventer) Medications
Used daily to reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent symptoms:
- Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g. budesonide, fluticasone)
- Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) – often combined with corticosteroids
- Leukotriene modifiers – oral tablets (e.g. montelukast)
2. Reliever (Rescue) Medications
Used during asthma attacks or sudden symptoms:
- Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) like salbutamol (Ventolin)
- Work quickly to relax airway muscles and restore airflow
3. Emergency Treatment
In severe cases:
- Nebulisers or oxygen in emergency settings
- Oral or intravenous corticosteroids
4. Asthma Action Plan
- A written plan helps patients recognise and respond to worsening symptoms
- Should include medication doses, PEF monitoring, and emergency contact instructions
5. Lifestyle Measures
- Avoid known triggers
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Quit smoking and avoid second-hand smoke
- Get annual flu vaccines and COVID-19 boosters
6. Education and Follow-Up
- Regular check-ups to adjust medication
- Teach proper inhaler technique
- Encourage use of spacers in children for effective delivery
In South Africa, most asthma medications are available through public clinics and pharmacies. The National Asthma Education Programme provides support and resources for schools and patients.
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