Treatment and Management of Atherosclerosis
The goals of treatment are to reduce symptoms, prevent complications, and slow or reverse plaque buildup. Management usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Learn more about the treatment and management of atherosclerosis below.
1. Lifestyle Changes
- Heart-healthy diet (low in saturated fat, trans fats, and sodium)
- Regular exercise – at least 30 minutes most days
- Weight loss – especially around the abdomen
- Stop smoking – smoking cessation is vital
- Limit alcohol – excessive intake raises blood pressure and triglycerides
- Stress reduction – through yoga, mindfulness, or counselling
2. Medications
- Statins – lower LDL cholesterol and stabilise plaques
- Blood pressure medications – such as ACE inhibitors or beta blockers
- Aspirin or antiplatelet drugs – reduce clotting risk
- Diabetes medication – to manage blood sugar levels
- Nitrates or beta blockers – relieve angina
3. Surgical Procedures (if needed)
- Angioplasty and stenting
- A balloon is used to open narrowed arteries and insert a stent
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
- Used in advanced coronary disease
- Endarterectomy
- Surgical removal of plaque from carotid or leg arteries
In South Africa, surgical treatments are available at tertiary hospitals and private cardiac centres. Prevention and early medical management, however, remain the most cost-effective strategy in most settings.
Let’s now examine the potential complications of untreated or advanced atherosclerosis.
👉 [Next: Complications of Atherosclerosis]
