Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Overview
“Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition that occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina shifts. Although BV isn’t a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it occurs more often in sexually active women and often follows changes in vaginal flora caused by various factors.
In a healthy vagina, lactobacilli (good bacteria) dominate and help maintain an acidic environment that protects against infection. BV occurs when harmful anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, outnumber the protective lactobacilli, leading to an imbalance.
BV affects women of all ages but is especially prevalent in women between 15 and 44 years old. Many women in South Africa experience recurrent BV, often unaware of the underlying cause or how to treat it properly. While it’s not dangerous in most cases, untreated BV can lead to increased risk of STIs, pregnancy complications, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Key symptoms of BV may include:
- A thin, grey or white vaginal discharge
- A strong fishy odour, particularly after sex
- Vaginal irritation or itching (though not always)
- Burning during urination in some cases
Some women with BV have no symptoms at all. This makes routine screening important during gynaecological exams, especially if symptoms are recurring or if the individual is pregnant.
It’s important to note that poor hygiene does not cause BV. In fact, overwashing or using perfumed soaps and douches can disrupt the vaginal microbiome and make BV more likely.
In South Africa, access to reproductive health education and services varies. “In under-resourced areas, many women rely on clinics that often offer limited testing and treatment for vaginal conditions. However, awareness is growing thanks to educational campaigns and mobile health clinics.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Early diagnosis and proper treatment are key to restoring balance and preventing complications. While BV often recurs and can be frustrating, medication and lifestyle adjustments usually treat most cases effectively.
👉 [Next: Causes and Risk Factors of Bacterial Vaginosis]
