Balanitis Overview
Balanitis refers to inflammation of the glans (head) of the penis. When the foreskin is also involved, the condition is referred to as balanoposthitis. It is a common condition, especially in uncircumcised males, and can affect men and boys of all ages. While often mild and treatable, it can be painful, distressing, and occasionally recurrent.
The inflammation is usually caused by irritation, infection, or poor hygiene. Balanitis can result from a buildup of smegma (a natural secretion made up of dead skin cells, oils, and moisture), allergic reactions to soaps or condoms, or infections such as yeast, bacteria, or STIs.
Common symptoms of balanitis include:
- Redness and swelling of the glans
- Pain, tenderness, or itching
- A foul-smelling discharge
- Difficulty retracting the foreskin (phimosis)
- Pain during urination or sexual activity
Balanitis is not always serious, but if left untreated, it can lead to scarring, urinary difficulties, and repeated infections. In children, especially boys under five, it may be mistaken for other types of skin irritation or urinary tract infections.
In South Africa, where access to healthcare may vary, some men delay seeking treatment due to embarrassment or stigma, especially when symptoms resemble sexually transmitted infections. Open, judgment-free medical care is essential for addressing the condition early and preventing complications.
Understanding the cause of balanitis is critical. For some, it may simply be a reaction to a new soap, while for others, it could signal an underlying medical condition like diabetes, which increases susceptibility to infections.
Most cases respond well to topical treatments, improved hygiene practices, and avoiding known irritants. However, recurrent or severe cases may require more extensive medical evaluation.
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