Types of Birthmarks and What They Mean
Birthmarks fall into two major categories: vascular birthmarks and pigmented birthmarks. Each has distinct characteristics, risks, and implications. Understanding the differences can help guide treatment decisions and monitoring. Learn more about the Types of Birthmarks and What They Mean below.
A. Vascular Birthmarks
These are caused by abnormal blood vessels beneath the skin. They are usually red, pink, or purple in colour.
- Strawberry Naevi (Infantile Haemangiomas)
- Bright red, raised, and often resemble a strawberry.
- Common in premature babies.
- Grow rapidly for the first few months and usually shrink by age 5–10.
- Rarely interfere with function unless located near the eye, mouth, or airway.
- Port Wine Stains
- Flat, red or purple patches that persist and may darken with age.
- Common on the face, neck, or limbs.
- May be linked to conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome when present on the face near the eye.
- Laser therapy can help reduce colour intensity.
- Salmon Patches (Stork Bites or Angel Kisses)
- Light pink patches, usually on the forehead, eyelids, or nape of the neck.
- Often fade within the first year.
B. Pigmented Birthmarks
These result from overgrowth of pigment cells and appear as brown, black, or bluish spots.
- Mongolian Spots
- Bluish-grey patches, usually on the back or buttocks.
- Common in babies of African, Asian, or mixed heritage.
- Harmless and usually fade by early childhood.
- Café-au-lait Spots
- Smooth, light brown patches resembling coffee with milk.
- Multiple or large café-au-lait spots may indicate a genetic condition like neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
- Congenital Moles (Congenital Melanocytic Naevi)
- Present at birth and can range from small to very large.
- Larger moles have a slightly higher risk of developing into melanoma, especially in adolescence or adulthood.
- Dermatological monitoring is recommended.
Types of Birthmarks and What They Mean
In South Africa, where diverse skin tones are present, diagnosis and monitoring should be tailored accordingly. Healthcare professionals should be culturally sensitive when discussing cosmetic or health concerns associated with birthmarks.
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