Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome include repetitive wrist movements, underlying medical conditions, and anatomical factors that put pressure on the median nerve. The most common causes involve repetitive strain, wrist injuries, and chronic inflammation.
1. Repetitive Strain
Jobs or hobbies that require frequent wrist flexing or hand movements — such as typing, assembly line work, sewing, or playing musical instruments — can strain the wrist and inflame surrounding tissues. Over time, this leads to swelling within the carpal tunnel and nerve compression.
2. Medical Conditions
Certain health issues increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel:
- Diabetes – damages nerves and makes them more susceptible to pressure
- Rheumatoid arthritis – causes inflammation of tendons near the carpal tunnel
- Hypothyroidism – slows metabolism and increases fluid retention
- Obesity – excess tissue adds pressure to the wrist area
- Pregnancy – hormonal changes and fluid retention may trigger temporary symptoms
3. Trauma or Injury
Wrist fractures, sprains, or dislocations can alter the shape of the carpal tunnel or create scar tissue, compressing the nerve.
4. Hereditary Factors
Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Some people are born with a narrower carpal tunnel, which increases their vulnerability. Family history is often a contributing factor.
Other causes include:
- Repetitive use of vibrating tools
- Fluid retention related to menopause
- Cysts or tumours within the tunnel (rare)
Identifying the causes helps guide prevention strategies — such as ergonomic workspaces, regular stretching, and early treatment for related health conditions.
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