Causes of Cataracts in Adults
Causes of cataracts in adults vary from biological ageing to external lifestyle and environmental factors. While age-related changes remain the most common cause, several other conditions and exposures contribute to the onset of this condition. Understanding the causes of cataracts in adults is essential to delay progression and implement preventative strategies.
The most significant factor is the natural ageing process. As we age, the proteins in the lens of the eye begin to break down and form cloudy clumps. These protein deposits increase over time, gradually clouding more of the lens and disrupting the passage of light. Most people over the age of 60 will begin to develop some level of cataract, although symptoms may not appear immediately.
Health conditions also play a substantial role. Diabetes is one of the most well-documented medical contributors. High blood sugar levels alter the metabolism within the lens, increasing the risk of cataracts at a younger age. Adults with poorly managed diabetes are especially prone to faster cataract development.
Long-term use of corticosteroid medications, often prescribed for asthma, arthritis, or autoimmune diseases, has been linked to the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts. These types form near the back of the lens and tend to interfere with reading vision and cause glare.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun contributes to lens damage over time. Adults who spend significant time outdoors without proper eye protection are at higher risk. UVB rays, in particular, are harmful to lens proteins, promoting oxidative stress and speeding up degeneration.
Lifestyle habits also contribute. Smoking increases oxidative stress and decreases the concentration of antioxidants in the eye, creating a breeding ground for cataracts. Excessive alcohol intake similarly promotes protein damage and impairs the body’s natural defence mechanisms.
Causes of Cataracts in Adults
Other causes include previous eye injuries or surgeries. Trauma can disrupt the lens capsule and lead to clouding, sometimes years after the incident. A family history of early cataracts may also suggest a genetic predisposition, making earlier screening worthwhile.
By understanding these causes of cataracts in adults, people can take active steps to lower their risk. Wearing UV-protective eyewear, eating a diet rich in antioxidants, avoiding tobacco, managing chronic diseases, and attending regular eye check-ups are simple but powerful ways to protect long-term vision.
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