Diagnosis of Cholera
Diagnosis of cholera relies on clinical assessment during an outbreak, supported by laboratory confirmation. In high-risk settings, early recognition of cholera ensures rapid intervention and limits further spread.
1. Clinical Diagnosis
In outbreak situations or endemic regions, a suspected case is defined as:
- Any person aged 5 years or older with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration
- Sudden onset of high-volume diarrhoea with rapid fluid loss
Doctors may make a provisional diagnosis based on these signs, especially if multiple cases emerge in a short time in the same area.
2. Stool Sample Analysis | Diagnosis of Cholera
To confirm cholera, a stool culture or rectal swab is tested in a laboratory for the presence of Vibrio cholerae. Techniques include:
- Microscopy (not specific)
- Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) – provide results in under 30 minutes
- Culture on selective media – the gold standard for confirmation
- PCR testing – detects bacterial DNA in more advanced labs
While confirmation helps track outbreaks, treatment usually starts based on symptoms before lab results are available.
3. Testing for Dehydration
Doctors also assess the severity of dehydration using:
- Skin pinch test (checking elasticity)
- Heart rate and blood pressure readings
- Capillary refill time
- Urine output
This assessment guides the type and speed of rehydration therapy.
4. Public Health Reporting | Diagnosis of Cholera
Suspected or confirmed cholera cases must be reported to health authorities. Early identification of cases can prevent larger outbreaks and direct emergency resources to the area.
In resource-limited or crisis environments, the diagnosis of cholera often hinges on recognising symptoms quickly and starting treatment without delay. Confirmation helps contain the outbreak but is secondary to saving lives.
[Next: Treatment of Cholera →]
