Symptoms of Cholera
Symptoms of cholera can develop within hours or days of exposure, ranging from mild diarrhoea to severe dehydration and death. Recognising cholera symptoms early is crucial, especially in outbreak settings where rapid response can save lives.
1. Profuse Watery Diarrhoea
The most distinctive symptom is sudden, painless, watery diarrhoea, often described as:
- “Rice water stools” – pale, milky appearance with a fishy odour
- Extremely high volume – several litres may be lost in just a few hours
- Often accompanied by a gurgling stomach and urgency
This diarrhoea is caused by the cholera toxin triggering the release of water and electrolytes from intestinal cells.
2. Vomiting | Symptoms of Cholera
Severe vomiting may accompany diarrhoea, contributing further to fluid and electrolyte loss. It usually appears early in the illness and can be forceful.
3. Rapid Dehydration
Due to the extreme fluid loss, patients may quickly show signs of dehydration, including:
- Dry mouth and extreme thirst
- Sunken eyes
- Reduced skin elasticity
- Decreased urine output or dark urine
- Weakness or dizziness
- Rapid heart rate and low blood pressure
In children, dehydration may present as lethargy, sunken fontanelle, and crying without tears.
4. Muscle Cramps
The loss of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes can cause painful muscle cramps, particularly in the legs and abdomen.
5. Shock and Collapse | Symptoms of Cholera
Without immediate treatment, the body may go into hypovolaemic shock, where blood volume drops so low that organs can’t function. Symptoms include:
- Cold, clammy skin
- Rapid breathing
- Confusion or unconsciousness
This is a life-threatening emergency that requires urgent care.
6. Mild or Asymptomatic Cases
Some people infected with this condition may only have mild diarrhoea or no symptoms at all. However, they can still spread the bacteria through contaminated stool.
Recognising the symptoms of cholera early — particularly in children or vulnerable populations — allows for lifesaving rehydration and reduces transmission.
[Next: Diagnosis of Cholera →]
