Symptoms of Coeliac Disease
Symptoms of coeliac disease can vary greatly between individuals, making the condition notoriously difficult to diagnose. While coeliac disease is traditionally associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, many patients experience systemic or non-digestive signs. Some individuals may even have no symptoms at all but still suffer internal damage.
The most common digestive symptoms include chronic diarrhoea, bloating, flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, and greasy or pale stools. These signs result from the inflammation and flattening of villi in the small intestine, which impair nutrient absorption. Constipation can also occur in some individuals, particularly in children. Weight loss and failure to thrive in children are often early indicators.
Beyond the digestive system, coeliac disease can cause a variety of symptoms tied to nutritional deficiencies. Iron-deficiency anaemia is one of the most frequent manifestations and may present with fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, and pale skin. Deficiencies in folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D can lead to neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, poor balance, and even depression.
Symptoms of Coeliac Disease
Women with undiagnosed coeliac disease may experience infertility, recurrent miscarriages, or irregular menstrual cycles. Men may suffer from reduced testosterone and fertility issues as well. In both sexes, poor calcium absorption can lead to low bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis or fractures.
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a skin-related symptom of coeliac disease characterised by itchy, blistering rashes, often found on the elbows, knees, or buttocks. This condition is also triggered by gluten ingestion and responds to a gluten-free diet, though it may require additional treatment.
Children often present differently than adults. They may show signs of delayed growth, behavioural issues, irritability, enamel defects in permanent teeth, or delayed puberty. Left untreated, these effects can persist into adulthood.
It’s also important to recognise “silent” or asymptomatic coeliac disease, where individuals show no obvious symptoms but still suffer intestinal damage. These cases are often discovered during routine screening, especially in those with a family history or related autoimmune conditions.
Recognising the symptoms are critical for timely diagnosis. Whether obvious or subtle, symptoms can significantly affect physical and emotional wellbeing. Early intervention through a gluten-free diet can greatly reduce symptoms, promote healing, and prevent serious complications.
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