Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis can range from mild to severe and often begin in early infancy. The hallmark of cystic fibrosis is the production of thick, sticky mucus, which affects the lungs and digestive system most severely. Symptoms can vary depending on the organs involved and the specific CFTR mutations a person carries.

Respiratory Symptoms

Persistent coughing, sometimes producing mucus

Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis

Wheezing or shortness of breath

Sinus infections and nasal polyps

Gradual lung damage, leading to respiratory failure in severe cases

Children may exhibit a chronic cough from infancy, and breathing difficulties often worsen over time.

Digestive Symptoms

The thick mucus can block the pancreatic ducts, interfering with enzyme delivery needed for digestion:

Poor weight gain despite a good appetite

Greasy, foul-smelling stools

Frequent constipation or intestinal blockages

Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies, especially fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

In newborns, failure to pass meconium (first stool) may indicate intestinal obstruction

Other Common Symptoms | Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis

Salty-tasting skin, due to high sodium in sweat

Delayed growth and puberty in children

Infertility in men (due to absence of the vas deferens)

Liver problems, including bile duct obstruction

Increased risk of diabetes, known as CFRD (cystic fibrosis-related diabetes)

Symptoms in Adults

Some individuals are diagnosed in adulthood with milder forms:

Chronic respiratory symptoms misattributed to asthma

Pancreatitis

Reduced fertility

Psychological Impact

The burden of daily treatments, frequent hospital visits, and uncertainty about health can cause:

Anxiety and depression

Social isolation, particularly during flare-ups

Emotional fatigue from managing a lifelong illness

In summary, symptoms of cystic fibrosis are diverse, chronic, and multi-systemic. Early recognition and intervention can significantly improve long-term outcomes and quality of life.

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