Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) varies depending on the patient’s health status and severity of the infection. In most healthy individuals, no specific treatment is required because cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are typically self-limiting. However, antiviral therapy is essential for people with weakened immune systems, newborns with congenital CMV, and those experiencing organ-threatening complications.
No Treatment Needed for Healthy Individuals
Mild or asymptomatic CMV infections usually resolve without medical intervention
Symptomatic relief may include rest, hydration, and over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and discomfort
Antiviral Medications
For severe or high-risk cases, several antiviral drugs can reduce viral replication:
Ganciclovir (intravenous): Commonly used in hospital settings for life-threatening infections
Valganciclovir (oral): Often used for long-term treatment or prevention
Foscarnet or cidofovir: Doctors use it in resistant cases or when patients do not tolerate ganciclovir
These medications are not curative but can significantly reduce viral load and improve outcomes. Side effects, such as bone marrow suppression or kidney toxicity, require careful monitoring.
Treatment in Transplant Patients and Immunocompromised Individuals
Healthcare providers often initiate CMV prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy post-transplant to prevent reactivation
Regular PCR testing helps guide when to start or stop treatment
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be used in combination with antivirals in very severe cases
Congenital CMV Treatment
Valganciclovir is sometimes prescribed for symptomatic infants
Treatment usually lasts six months or more, with the aim of preserving hearing and preventing neurodevelopmental damage
Close follow-up includes hearing tests, developmental assessments, and blood monitoring
Supportive Care | Treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Adequate nutrition and hydration are vital
In severe infections, hospitalisation may be necessary for IV fluids and oxygen therapy
Furthermore, in patients with CMV retinitis, intravitreal injections may be used alongside systemic antivirals
In summary, treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) ranges from simple symptom relief in healthy people to intensive antiviral therapy in vulnerable groups. Proper management significantly reduces the risk of long-term complications and improves quality of life.
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