Causes of Dental Abscess
Causes of dental abscess typically involve the entry of bacteria into the inner structures of a tooth or the surrounding gum tissue. A dental abscess occurs when this bacterial invasion leads to inflammation and a build-up of pus. The underlying reasons for the infection vary depending on the type of abscess, but the common thread is poor oral hygiene and delayed dental care.
Periapical Abscess
This type develops at the root of a tooth and is usually caused by:
Tooth decay: When untreated, cavities can penetrate the enamel and dentine, reaching the dental pulp
Trauma to the tooth: A crack or chip can allow bacteria to enter the pulp chamber
Previous dental procedures: In some cases, extensive dental work may expose the tooth to infection
Once the pulp becomes infected, it dies, and the infection spreads through the root canal, leading to pus accumulation at the root tip.
Periodontal Abscess
This form occurs in the gums and is often linked to:
Advanced gum disease (periodontitis): Bacteria build up in deep gum pockets, forming abscesses
Trapped food particles: If debris becomes lodged in the gums, it can create a localised infection
Dental calculus (tartar): Hardened plaque can irritate the gums and promote bacterial growth
Gum disease weakens the gum attachment to the tooth, allowing bacteria to infiltrate and multiply within the soft tissues.
Contributing Causes of Dental Abscess
Poor oral hygiene: Irregular brushing and flossing increase the risk of plaque accumulation
Dry mouth: A lack of saliva reduces natural cleansing of the mouth
High-sugar diet: Promotes the growth of bacteria that cause decay
Smoking: Impairs immune response and increases susceptibility to gum disease
Weakened immune system: Conditions like diabetes, cancer, or HIV can increase infection risk
Tooth and Gum Trauma
Even minor injuries to the teeth or gums can create an opening for bacteria to invade, especially when combined with existing decay or inflammation.
In conclusion, causes of dental abscess often result from a breakdown in oral health. Identifying risk factors and seeking early treatment is essential to avoid escalation into a more severe infection.
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