Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus
Symptoms of diabetes insipidus primarily relate to the body’s inability to retain water, leading to excessive urination and persistent thirst. People with diabetes insipidus may pass up to 20 litres of urine in a day, which significantly impacts daily routines and overall health.
Key Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus
Polyuria: The production of unusually large volumes of dilute urine, often requiring frequent trips to the toilet, including during the night (nocturia)
Polydipsia: Constant, intense thirst that leads to increased water intake, often exceeding normal daily needs
Dry mouth and dehydration, despite high fluid intake
Fatigue and lethargy due to electrolyte imbalances and sleep disturbances
Headaches or irritability, especially in children, caused by fluid and salt imbalances
Signs in Infants and Children
Irritability that improves with drinking water
Poor feeding and slow growth
Vomiting or constipation
Unexplained fever
Bedwetting or enuresis in older children
Differences Between Types
In central D- insipidus, symptoms often appear suddenly, especially following trauma or surgery
In nephrogenic D-insipidus, symptoms may be present from birth or develop gradually due to chronic kidney problems
Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus includes a psychological component, as individuals drink water excessively without physical thirst
Gestational diabetes insipidus typically resolves after delivery but presents with similar symptoms in late pregnancy
Complications If Untreated
Severe dehydration: Dry skin, low blood pressure, dizziness, or even shock
Electrolyte imbalances: Affecting muscle function, heart rhythm, and nerve transmission
Kidney strain from constant fluid excretion
In summary, symptoms of diabetes insipidus can range from bothersome to life-threatening if not properly addressed. Recognising the signs early ensures individuals receive prompt treatment and avoid serious complications.
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