Complications of Epilepsy
The complications of epilepsy range from physical injuries to emotional and social challenges. While epilepsy itself is not always dangerous, uncontrolled seizures can have serious consequences. Early treatment and consistent follow-up help reduce risks significantly.
Physical Injuries
Seizures can occur without warning, increasing the risk of:
Falls or head injuries
Burns (if near a stove or fire)
Drowning (during unsupervised swimming or bathing)
Road accidents (if seizures occur while driving)
Safety modifications at home and education for caregivers can reduce the likelihood of injuries.
Status Epilepticus
This is a medical emergency where a seizure lasts more than five minutes or multiple seizures occur without recovery in between. It requires immediate treatment to prevent brain damage or death. Emergency care with oxygen, IV medication, and sometimes intubation is needed.
Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
SUDEP is rare but tragic. It usually happens during sleep and involves breathing or heart rhythm changes. The risk is higher in people with frequent, uncontrolled generalised seizures. Good seizure control is the best way to lower the risk.
Cognitive and Emotional Effects
Some people with epilepsy experience:
Memory problems
Learning difficulties
Attention issues
Depression or anxiety
Children may struggle at school due to missed days, stigma, or side effects from medication.
Social and Occupational Challenges
Living with epilepsy can affect:
Education and employment
Driving eligibility
Personal relationships
Self-esteem and independence
Stigma remains a major barrier, particularly in South Africa, where epilepsy is often misunderstood or feared. Some people face rejection, isolation, or discrimination due to myths and misinformation.
Complications of Epilepsy In South Africa
Limited public education and poor access to specialists worsen these complications. Many people delay treatment or stop taking medication due to cost, belief in traditional cures, or social pressure. NGOs and epilepsy support groups are working to improve care, provide information, and protect patient rights.
The complications of epilepsy are not inevitable. With the right medication, lifestyle support, and education, people with epilepsy can manage their condition safely and confidently.
