Symptoms of Eye Cancer
The symptoms of eye cancer can vary widely depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour. While some individuals notice obvious changes, others remain unaware until the cancer is discovered during a routine eye exam. Eye cancer may be silent in its early stages but become more noticeable as the tumour grows.
Common Symptoms
Blurry or distorted vision – One of the most frequent complaints
A visible dark spot on the iris or white of the eye
Partial or complete loss of vision, especially in one eye
Eye pain or pressure, although not all cancers are painful
Bulging of the eye (proptosis), particularly if the tumour is behind the eye
Changes in eye movement, such as difficulty looking in certain directions
Flashing lights or floating spots, similar to retinal detachment symptoms
In young children, signs of retinoblastoma may include:
A white pupil that shows up in photographs (leukocoria)
Crossed or misaligned eyes (strabismus)
Swelling or redness in the eye
Poor vision or difficulty tracking movement
Less Common Signs
A persistent red or irritated eye
Drooping eyelid
A growing lump on or near the eye
Changes in pupil shape or size
Because these symptoms can mimic more common eye conditions like conjunctivitis, glaucoma, or cataracts, it’s essential to seek specialist evaluation if symptoms persist or worsen.
When to See a Doctor | Symptoms of Eye Cancer
Prompt referral to an ophthalmologist or ocular oncologist is recommended for:
Unexplained vision loss
Unusual eye appearance
Persistent changes in eye shape, movement, or comfort
Early detection is critical. Many tumours are treatable with high success rates if caught before they spread.
Global Perspective
In high-income countries, routine optometric screening often leads to early diagnosis. In lower-income regions, delayed detection is more common due to limited access to eye care and low awareness. Campaigns to educate the public and train local healthcare workers are helping bridge this gap.
Recognising the symptoms of eye cancer early increases the chances of preserving vision, reducing treatment complexity, and improving survival outcomes worldwide.
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