Complications of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
The complications of generalised anxiety disorder can be wide-ranging, affecting emotional wellbeing, physical health, relationships, and long-term functioning. Generalised anxiety disorder is not just a mental challenge—it can have ripple effects across all areas of life if left untreated.
Understanding these complications highlights the importance of early diagnosis and consistent treatment.
Mental Health Consequences
Without support, chronic anxiety can contribute to:
Depression – persistent worry and fatigue can lead to hopelessness, sadness, or loss of interest in life
Panic disorder – some individuals with GAD may go on to develop panic attacks
Obsessive-compulsive behaviours, especially around checking, reassurance-seeking, or perfectionism
Social anxiety, making it difficult to engage with others or attend events
Low self-esteem, driven by constant self-doubt and fear of failure
These overlapping conditions can increase the severity and complexity of symptoms, making recovery more difficult if not addressed holistically.
Physical Health Effects
Prolonged anxiety affects the body in several ways:
Cardiovascular strain – raised blood pressure and increased heart rate can elevate risk of heart problems
Digestive issues – chronic stress can worsen IBS, indigestion, or ulcers
Muscle tension and headaches, often leading to chronic pain
Weakened immune system, making the body more prone to infections
Fatigue, even when the person appears rested
The connection between emotional and physical health is strong. People with untreated GAD often visit GPs with physical symptoms but may not receive appropriate mental health care.
Impact on Daily Functioning
Work or academic performance may decline due to poor concentration, procrastination, or absenteeism
Relationships can suffer when anxiety leads to irritability, neediness, or emotional withdrawal
Financial consequences may occur if anxiety interferes with employment or leads to excessive spending on reassurance or health investigations
Parenting challenges may arise, as anxious parents often struggle with uncertainty or overcontrol, affecting children’s development
The cycle of anxiety and avoidance can slowly erode confidence, independence, and joy in life.
Social Isolation
When anxiety causes someone to avoid situations, it often results in:
Reduced social networks
Loneliness and withdrawal
Missed life opportunities, such as travel, dating, or career advancement
This isolation increases the risk of depression and lowers resilience.
Substance Misuse and Risk Behaviours
Some individuals turn to:
Alcohol, cannabis, or sedatives to “take the edge off”
Overeating or undereating to self-soothe
Excessive internet use, gambling, or shopping as a distraction
These coping mechanisms may provide temporary relief but often worsen anxiety over time.
Suicide Risk
Although suicide is less commonly linked to GAD than with depression, the combination of anxiety and hopelessness can increase suicidal thoughts, particularly in people with coexisting depression or trauma histories.
Any suicidal thoughts should be taken seriously, and professional help sought immediately.
Long-Term Prognosis | Complications of Generalised Anxiety Disorder
With treatment, the long-term outlook for GAD is positive. Many people recover fully or manage symptoms effectively. However, relapse can occur, especially during times of high stress. Continued self-awareness and support are key to maintaining progress.
Preventing the complications of generalised anxiety disorder involves early intervention, comprehensive care, and public education to reduce stigma and encourage help-seeking.
