Treatment of Genital Herpes
The treatment of genital herpes focuses on managing symptoms, speeding up the healing of outbreaks, reducing the frequency of recurrences, and lowering the risk of transmission. While there is currently no cure for genital herpes, effective treatments are available that help individuals live comfortably and confidently with the condition.
Understanding treatment options empowers people to take control of their health, minimise disruptions to their daily life, and maintain healthy relationships.
Antiviral Medications
Antiviral medicines are the primary form of treatment. They do not remove the herpes virus from the body, but they stop it from multiplying, thereby:
Shortening the duration of an outbreak
Reducing the severity of symptoms
Helping sores heal faster
Lowering the likelihood of transmission to partners
Common Antiviral Drugs:
Aciclovir (Acyclovir) – most widely used; available in tablets, cream, and intravenous forms
Valaciclovir (Valacyclovir) – often preferred for its twice-daily dosing
Famciclovir – less common but similarly effective
These medications are most effective when taken as soon as the first signs of an outbreak (tingling, itching, or burning) appear.
Treatment Approaches
There are two main approaches to managing genital herpes with antivirals:
1. Episodic Treatment
Taken at the onset of an outbreak, usually for 5–10 days
Reduces the length and severity of symptoms
Works best when started early, ideally during the prodromal phase (before sores emerge)
2. Suppressive Treatment
Taken daily over a long period, even when no symptoms are present
Recommended for:
People with frequent or severe recurrences
Individuals in serodiscordant relationships (where one partner has herpes and the other does not)
Those with weakened immune systems
Suppressive therapy can reduce recurrence by up to 80% and lowers asymptomatic viral shedding
This daily regimen is safe for long-term use and significantly improves quality of life for those with chronic symptoms.
Pain and Symptom Relief
During an outbreak, especially a first episode, symptoms can be painful and disruptive. Additional strategies include:
Warm salt baths to soothe sores and keep the area clean
Applying ice packs (wrapped in a cloth) to reduce swelling and numb discomfort
Wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear to reduce friction
Avoiding harsh soaps, perfumes, or bubble baths around the affected area
Taking pain relief, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol
Good hygiene is vital. Keep sores clean and dry, and wash hands thoroughly after touching the area to prevent spreading the virus to other parts of the body, such as the eyes.
Emotional and Psychological Support
Many people find that the emotional impact of a genital herpes diagnosis is more difficult to manage than the physical symptoms. Common emotional responses include:
Embarrassment or shame
Anxiety about rejection or future relationships
Fear of being judged by partners or peers
Support resources can play a significant role in adjusting to life with herpes:
Counselling or therapy for individuals or couples
Online support groups and forums
Educational materials from reliable sources such as sexual health clinics or NGOs
Understanding that herpes is common, manageable, and does not define a person is crucial in reducing stigma.
Partner Communication
Talking to a partner about genital herpes can be daunting, but honesty is essential for:
Building trust
Protecting both parties
Making informed decisions about intimacy
Timing and tone matter — choose a private, calm setting and provide accurate information. Many people are more understanding than expected, especially when you can explain what herpes is, how it’s managed, and how you plan to prevent transmission.
Preventing Transmission
Even when asymptomatic, the virus can still be passed on. Risk-reduction strategies include:
Using condoms or dental dams during sexual activity
Taking suppressive antiviral medication, especially when in a long-term relationship with someone who is not infected
Avoiding sexual contact during outbreaks, even if symptoms are mild
Getting tested together, especially when entering a new relationship
While no method offers 100% protection, combining strategies significantly lowers the chances of transmission.
Herpes and Pregnancy
Pregnant individuals with genital herpes should inform their healthcare provider early in pregnancy. Most women with a history of herpes have antibodies that protect their baby. However, primary infections during the third trimester carry a higher risk of neonatal herpes.
To manage this:
Antiviral medication may be prescribed in the final weeks to prevent outbreaks
If an outbreak occurs during labour, a Caesarean section may be recommended
Open communication with a midwife or obstetrician ensures both mother and baby remain safe and supported.
Treatment of Genital Herpes
The treatment of genital herpes is not just about managing symptoms — it’s about restoring confidence, improving relationships, and promoting sexual health with accurate information and compassion.
