Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins located in the lower rectum and around the anus. Understanding haemorrhoids thoroughly can significantly aid in managing symptoms, implementing effective treatments, and preventing potential complications. These conditions are classified as either internal or external based on their location and symptom manifestation. Internal haemorrhoids occur inside the rectum, typically causing less noticeable discomfort initially, while external haemorrhoids develop beneath the skin surrounding the anus, often causing immediate and obvious symptoms such as pain, swelling, and irritation.
Internal haemorrhoids generally remain unnoticed in the early stages as they are usually painless and cause minimal discomfort. However, they may become evident when complications like prolapse occur. A prolapsed internal haemorrhoid protrudes through the anal opening and can be quite uncomfortable. Symptoms associated with internal haemorrhoids include painless rectal bleeding, typically identified as bright red blood noticed on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl after bowel movements. This bleeding, while alarming, is generally minor but persistent enough to prompt medical consultation.
External
External haemorrhoids, in contrast, frequently present immediate and distinct symptoms due to their location. Individuals experiencing external haemorrhoids commonly report itching, discomfort, and irritation around the anal region. Pain is a significant symptom, particularly during and after bowel movements or prolonged sitting. The formation of a hard lump near the anus, resulting from a blood clot within the external haemorrhoid—known as a thrombosed haemorrhoid—can cause intense and sudden pain, swelling, and inflammation. This condition necessitates prompt medical evaluation and often requires urgent intervention.
Symptoms of this codndition might also include persistent anal itching, a condition known medically as pruritus ani. This itching occurs due to skin irritation caused by mucus secretion from prolapsed haemorrhoids or continuous moisture in the anal area. Discomfort or a sense of fullness in the rectum, particularly noticeable during bowel movements, is another symptom frequently described by patients. Additionally, swelling around the anus and sensitivity or pain during daily activities such as sitting or walking are common.
Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids can significantly impact daily life and overall comfort. Although generally benign and manageable, persistent symptoms can lead to complications if untreated. Chronic bleeding from haemorrhoids, even when minimal, might lead to anaemia over time, characterised by symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. Moreover, severe or recurrent haemorrhoidal episodes can dramatically decrease quality of life by interfering with routine activities, causing ongoing discomfort, embarrassment, and psychological distress.
Early recognition and proper management of haemorrhoids are essential to prevent these complications. Treatment options vary according to severity, ranging from lifestyle modifications and conservative measures to minimally invasive procedures and surgical interventions. Initial management typically involves increasing dietary fibre intake, adequate hydration, topical treatments, and maintaining good hygiene practices. More severe or persistent cases may require procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, infrared coagulation, or surgical haemorrhoidectomy.
