Hay Fever
Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a common allergic condition that affects millions of people globally, particularly during seasonal peaks. Characterised by inflammation of the nasal passages in response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mould, hay fever can significantly impair quality of life. Even though it’s called “hay fever,” the condition isn’t caused by hay and doesn’t cause a fever. Rather, it is a misnomer dating back to early observations of pollen-induced symptoms in agricultural environments.
The immune system of individuals with this condition overreacts to harmless substances, treating them as threats. Upon exposure, the immune system releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals, leading to the hallmark symptoms: sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, runny nose, and sinus pressure. These symptoms can be episodic or persistent depending on the type of allergen and the individual’s level of sensitivity.
There are generally two types of hay fever: seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial allergic rhinitis. Airborne pollens from trees, grasses, and weeds are usually the main triggers for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, it tends to flare up during spring, summer, and early autumn. Perennial allergic rhinitis, on the other hand, can occur year-round and is often linked to indoor allergens like pet fur, dust mites, or mould spores.
Hay Fever
The severity of this condition varies widely among individuals. Some may experience mild, occasional symptoms, while others endure severe, persistent issues that disrupt sleep, concentration, and daily functioning. In children, hay fever may impact school performance and contribute to behavioural difficulties. In adults, it causes fatigue, reduced productivity, and decreased social participation.
Hay fever often coexists with other allergic conditions such as asthma, eczema, and sinusitis. Experts refer to this clustering of allergic diseases as part of a broader immune pattern known as the “atopic triad.”
. People with one allergic condition are more likely to develop others due to shared genetic and environmental risk factors. In some cases, unmanaged hay fever can exacerbate asthma symptoms or lead to recurrent sinus infections.
The impact of hay fever extends beyond physical discomfort. Psychological distress, including irritability, mood swings, and anxiety, is commonly reported, particularly in those with chronic or poorly managed symptoms. As a result, comprehensive management strategies that address both physical and emotional wellbeing are essential.
Hay Fever
While this condition is not life-threatening, its high prevalence and chronic nature make it a substantial public health issue. In many countries, it ranks among the top reasons for missed workdays, school absenteeism, and over-the-counter medication use. Its burden on healthcare systems and the economy is often underestimated due to its non-serious reputation.
Fortunately, a range of treatments and preventive measures can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. These include antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, allergen avoidance, and in some cases, immunotherapy. A personalised, proactive approach is the cornerstone of effective hay fever management.
