Alzheimer’s Disease Overview
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that gradually destroys memory, thinking skills, and the ability to carry out daily tasks. It is the most common form of dementia, accounting for up to 60–70% of all dementia cases worldwide. The condition primarily affects people over the age of 65, but early-onset cases can begin as young as 40 or 50.
Dementia
In South Africa, dementia is often underdiagnosed due to limited awareness and stigma. Families may attribute symptoms to “normal ageing” or spiritual beliefs, delaying medical care. Yet Alzheimer’s is a medical condition — not a normal part of ageing — and early diagnosis can help slow its progression and improve quality of life.
Alzheimer’s disease develops as abnormal proteins build up in the brain, including amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which interfere with nerve signalling and eventually cause brain cells to die. The disease progresses in stages, starting with mild forgetfulness and eventually leading to severe cognitive decline and dependency on full-time care.
Common early symptoms include:
- Memory loss, especially of recent events
- Difficulty finding words or following conversations
- Disorientation or confusion
- Poor judgement and decision-making
- Withdrawal from social or work activities
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, but treatments and supportive care can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
In the next section, we explore what causes Alzheimer’s disease and who is most at risk.
👉 [Next: Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease]
Daleen Boshoff Individual & Family Counsellor Roodepoort
Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease
