This article provides an overview of Acute Pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden and potentially serious condition that involves inflammation of the pancreas — a small but vital organ located behind the stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and in regulating blood sugar levels through the production of insulin. When it becomes inflamed, these processes are disrupted, often leading to intense abdominal pain and other severe symptoms.
What Is Acute Pancreatitis?
The term acute refers to the rapid onset of the condition, which typically lasts for a few days. Unlike chronic pancreatitis, which develops gradually and causes long-term damage, acute pancreatitis appears suddenly and may resolve with timely medical treatment. However, in some cases, it can lead to serious, even life-threatening complications.
During an acute episode, digestive enzymes become activated while still inside the pancreas, rather than in the small intestine where they are meant to function. This results in the enzymes beginning to break down the pancreatic tissue itself, causing inflammation and damage. If left untreated, the inflammation can spread and impact other organs.
Who Is at Risk?
Although acute pancreatitis can affect anyone, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include:
- Gallstones
- Heavy alcohol use
- High blood triglyceride levels
- Certain medications
- Abdominal trauma
In some cases, doctors cannot identify a specific cause. They refer to this as idiopathic pancreatitis.
Is It Serious?
Yes — acute pancreatitis should always be taken seriously. While many cases are mild and resolve with treatment, others can become severe and result in complications such as:
- Infection
- Organ failure
- Tissue necrosis (death of pancreatic tissue)
Hospitalisation is often required to manage pain, replace lost fluids, and monitor for potential complications.
A prospective study conducted at Addington Hospital and published in the South African Journal of Surgery found that alcohol was the leading cause of acute pancreatitis in 62% of admissions, followed by gallstones at 14%. The mortality rate was 9%, with most deaths occurring within the first two weeks.
Outlook and Recovery
The outlook depends on the severity of the condition and how quickly treatment is started. With prompt medical care and by addressing the underlying cause, most people recover fully. However, if complications arise, recovery may take longer and require additional interventions.
You can explore our directory for details on clinics, specialists, and services that may assist with pancreatitis care.
👉 Next: The Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
Causes of Chronic Pancreatitis
