Asbestosis Overview
Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of asbestos fibres. These fibres cause scarring (fibrosis) of lung tissue, leading to breathing difficulties, a persistent cough, and reduced oxygen exchange in the lungs. This disease is a progressive and irreversible condition that typically develops 10 to 40 years after exposure.
Asbestos was widely used in construction, mining, shipbuilding, insulation, and manufacturing until its health risks became well-known. In South Africa, this disease is an important occupational disease, particularly in regions that previously hosted asbestos mining and processing, such as the Northern Cape.
Common symptoms of asbestosis include:
- Shortness of breath, especially with activity
- Persistent dry cough
- Chest pain or tightness
- Fatigue
- Crackling sound in the lungs (on examination)
- In later stages, clubbing of fingers (widened fingertips)
Asbestosis increases the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma (a rare cancer of the lung lining), and other asbestos-related diseases. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and supportive care can help manage symptoms and slow progression.
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Dr Jim Naude Diagnostic Medicine Claremont
