Bronchiectasis – Overview
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition where the airways become permanently widened and damaged. This structural change makes it difficult to clear mucus, leading to repeated infections and long-term breathing difficulties. This condition affects the bronchi, the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. Over time, trapped mucus builds up, creating an environment that allows bacteria to thrive, triggering a cycle of inflammation, infection, and further airway damage.
The condition can affect anyone but is more commonly found in older adults and people with a history of lung infections or underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis or immune system disorders. In South Africa, respiratory infections like tuberculosis are a leading contributor to developing it.
Bronchiectasis
Although bronchiectasis is a progressive disease, early diagnosis and consistent treatment can help control symptoms, slow its progression, and improve overall quality of life. It’s often classified as either localised (affecting one area of the lung) or widespread (affecting multiple lung segments). Treatment aims to keep the lungs clear of mucus, prevent infections, and minimise further lung damage.
There is no cure, but regular chest physiotherapy, prescribed antibiotics, and in some cases, bronchodilators or surgery can significantly improve symptom control and lung function. With appropriate care, many patients live full, active lives despite their diagnosis.
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