Cancer – Overview
Cancer is a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. Invade surrounding tissues, and may spread to other parts of the body. This can develop in almost any organ or tissue, and it remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. While some forms progress slowly, others can spread aggressively, making early detection and treatment essential.
The disease begins when genetic mutations alter normal cell behaviour. Instead of dividing in a controlled way, cancer cells grow unchecked, often forming a mass called a tumour. Not all tumours are cancerous — benign tumours do not spread. However, malignant tumours invade nearby tissues and can metastasise (spread) to distant organs through the blood or lymphatic system.
There are over 100 types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, colon, leukaemia, lymphoma, and skin. Each type behaves differently and requires tailored treatment.
Cancer – Overview
Cancer affects people of all ages, but the risk increases with age. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise. Additionally, exposure to carcinogens like radiation or toxic chemicals play a major role. Genetics, infections, and environmental triggers also contribute.
Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted drugs. Success depends on the type, stage, and individual health status.
Although a diagnosis can be frightening, advances in early detection, personalised treatment, and support services are improving survival rates and quality of life for millions of patients worldwide.
