Cardiovascular Disease – Overview This Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, often leading to serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. This disease is the leading cause of death globally, yet many forms are preventable through lifestyle changes, early detection, and proper management. This broad term includes several disorders, such as: The primary cause of most cardiovascular conditions is atherosclerosis — a build-up of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries that restrict blood flow. Over time, this can lead to blood clots, ruptures, and damage to organs. Cardiovascular Disease Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Family history and age also play significant roles. Despite its seriousness, this disease is manageable — and often preventable — with lifestyle adjustments, medication, and regular health monitoring. What Is Cardiovascular Disease? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term for a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. These include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), peripheral artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and congenital heart defects. Most forms of CVD are caused by atherosclerosis — the build-up of fatty deposits in artery walls that narrows blood flow. This can eventually lead to heart attacks, strokes, or organ damage if left untreated. Risk Factors and Prevention Major risk factors for CVD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, smoking, lack of physical activity, and an unhealthy diet. Age and family history also increase the risk. Fortunately, many of these risks are manageable. By adopting healthier habits, taking prescribed medications, and undergoing regular check-ups, people can significantly reduce their chances of developing complications. With awareness and early intervention, cardiovascular disease can often be prevented or effectively controlled. [Next: Causes of Cardiovascular Disease →]