Causes and Risk Factors of Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation develops when the electrical signals that control the heartbeat become disorganised, causing the atria to contract irregularly. Causes and risk factors of atrial fibrillation include several underlying conditions and lifestyle factors increase the risk.
Common causes:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Coronary artery disease or previous heart attack
- Heart valve disorders
- Heart failure or cardiomyopathy
- Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
- Lung diseases like COPD
- Excessive alcohol (especially binge drinking)
- Viral infections or inflammation
Additional risk factors:
- Age (risk increases over 60)
- Family history of arrhythmias
- Obesity
- Sleep apnoea
- Diabetes
- Smoking
Causes and Risk Factors of Atrial Fibrillation
In South Africa, hypertension and lifestyle-related risk factors are major contributors to AF cases. In rural and lower-income communities, late diagnosis is common due to limited access to routine ECG screenings.
Prompt evaluation of symptoms like palpitations or fainting spells is important, especially in individuals with known risk factors.
Identifying and Managing Risk Factors
Atrial fibrillation can result from various conditions, such as hypertension and heart disease, alongside lifestyle choices like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Recognising these risk factors early and addressing them through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular check-ups can reduce the likelihood of developing AF.
Addressing the Challenges in South Africa
In South Africa, lifestyle-related risk factors like hypertension and obesity are prevalent, making AF more common. However, early detection and management are hindered in rural and under-resourced areas. Raising awareness and improving access to screening can help reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation and prevent serious complications.
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Treatment and Management of Atrial Fibrillation
