Causes and Risk Factors of Blepharitis
Blepharitis results from a combination of bacterial overgrowth, oil gland dysfunction, and inflammatory skin conditions affecting the eyelid margins. It’s not caused by poor hygiene, but hygiene plays a critical role in managing the condition. Learn more about the causes and risk factors of blepharitis below.
Common causes of blepharitis:
- Bacterial infection
- Staphylococcus bacteria naturally live on the skin but can overgrow at the base of the eyelashes, leading to inflammation and crusting.
- This is common in anterior blepharitis.
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- A skin condition causing greasy, flaky skin and dandruff.
- Often affects the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
- The oil glands inside the eyelids (meibomian glands) become blocked or secrete abnormal oil.
- Leads to posterior blepharitis and contributes to dry eyes.
- Rosacea
- A chronic skin condition that causes redness and inflammation, often around the cheeks and nose.
- Ocular rosacea can affect the eyelids and meibomian glands.
- Allergies
- Eyelid inflammation may be triggered by allergies to pollen, dust, makeup, or eye drops.
- Can coexist with other causes and make blepharitis harder to treat.
- Contact lens wear
- Poor lens hygiene or overwear may increase risk of blepharitis and eye irritation.
- Demodex mites
- Microscopic mites that live in hair follicles, including eyelashes.
- Overgrowth can cause inflammation, particularly in older adults.
- Environmental factors
- Dusty, dry, or polluted environments may worsen symptoms.
- Hormonal changes
- Hormones can influence the activity of oil glands, especially during puberty, menopause, or in people with acne-prone skin.
In South Africa, sun exposure, air pollution, and limited access to dermatological care can contribute to worsening skin and eye conditions. People with coexisting conditions like diabetes or eczema may also be more prone to persistent blepharitis.
Causes and Risk Factors of Blepharitis
Understanding the underlying cause is essential for targeted treatment and long-term control.
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