Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Men
The causes and risk factors of breast cancer in men are often misunderstood or overlooked. While breast cancer is usually associated with women, it’s important to understand that men also carry risk factors that can lead to the disease. Raising awareness about the causes of breast cancer in men can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.
Read about 7 causes and risk factors of breast cancer in men below:
1. Hormonal imbalance
Men with elevated oestrogen levels are at higher risk. This can occur naturally or be caused by conditions like liver disease, obesity, or certain medications.
2. Genetic mutations
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes — commonly associated with breast and ovarian cancer in women — also increase the risk in men. Men with these mutations should consider genetic counselling and early screening.
3. Family history
Having close relatives with breast cancer, especially a mother or sister, significantly raises a man’s risk.
4. Age
Most cases of male breast cancer are diagnosed in men over 60. As with many cancers, the risk increases with age.
5. Radiation exposure
Previous radiation therapy to the chest (often for conditions like lymphoma) can increase the long-term risk of developing breast cancer.
6. Klinefelter syndrome
This genetic condition, where a man is born with an extra X chromosome (XXY), results in lower testosterone and higher oestrogen — increasing the risk.
7. Lifestyle factors
Smoking, excessive alcohol use, and a sedentary lifestyle contribute indirectly by increasing body fat, which can raise oestrogen levels.
In South Africa there is a lack of public awareness about the risk factors of breast cancer in men. Therefore, many men don’t realise they’re at risk. This leads to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes. Public health campaigns must begin to include male breast cancer in their messaging.
Understanding the causes and risk factors of breast cancer in men can help at-risk individuals take action. Furthermore, including seeking screening and adopting preventive lifestyle changes.
Raising Awareness is Key
Male breast cancer is often overlooked, leading to delayed diagnoses and more advanced stages at presentation. By increasing awareness of the causes and risk factors. Such as genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors — men can become more proactive about their breast health. Public health campaigns in South Africa and elsewhere must include men in breast cancer. Hereby, messaging to help reduce stigma and encourage early detection.
Prevention Starts with Knowledge
Understanding your personal risk can lead to lifesaving choices. Men with a strong family history or known genetic mutations like BRCA should consider genetic counselling and screening. Meanwhile, adopting a healthier lifestyle — including regular exercise. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol intake — may help lower the risk. The more men know, the better they can protect themselves and seek help when needed.
👉 [Next: Diagnosis and Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Men]
