Causes and Triggers of Asthma
Asthma arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the immune system and the airways. While the exact causes and triggers of asthma are unknown, certain risk factors increase the chance of developing asthma.
1. Genetic Factors
- Asthma often runs in families.
- A personal or family history of allergies, eczema, or hay fever increases risk.
2. Environmental Triggers
Exposure to certain irritants or allergens can trigger asthma symptoms or cause an asthma attack. Common triggers include:
- Dust mites
- Animal dander
- Pollen
- Mould spores
- Smoke (from cigarettes, wood fires, or pollution)
- Strong odours or chemicals
- Air pollution
3. Respiratory Infections
- Viral infections like colds or flu can trigger flare-ups, especially in children.
4. Exercise and Weather Changes
- Cold air and physical activity may cause breathing difficulties in some people with asthma.
5. Emotional Stress
- Anxiety, laughter, or crying may also trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.
In South Africa, asthma may be worsened by indoor cooking smoke, dusty living conditions, and industrial pollution, particularly in informal settlements or densely populated urban areas.
Understanding and managing triggers is a crucial part of asthma control.
Asthma and Allergy Clinic Parktown
