Causes of Brugada Syndrome
Causes of Brugada syndrome are primarily genetic, with most cases linked to inherited mutations that affect the heart’s electrical system. The leading causes of Brugada syndrome involve abnormalities in sodium channel function, although environmental and medication-related factors can also trigger symptoms in genetically predisposed individuals.
The most common cause is a mutation in the SCN5A gene, which affects the sodium channels in heart muscle cells. These channels regulate the flow of sodium ions, which are essential for generating and conducting electrical impulses across the heart. A defect in these channels can disrupt normal heart rhythm and lead to dangerous arrhythmias.
Brugada syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, meaning a person only needs to inherit one copy of the defective gene from either parent to develop the condition. However, not everyone with the mutation shows symptoms, which makes family screening and awareness especially important.
External triggers can also play a role. Certain medications — such as some antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, or anaesthetics — may worsen or reveal Brugada-type ECG changes. Fever is another known trigger, particularly in children, as increased body temperature can unmask underlying electrical abnormalities in the heart.
Causes of Brugada syndrome
Substance abuse, especially of alcohol or recreational drugs like cocaine, can also provoke arrhythmias in people with latent Brugada syndrome. High levels of stress or dehydration may increase risk as well.
In rare cases, structural heart disease or other ion channelopathies can mimic Brugada syndrome, which makes thorough diagnostic evaluation essential.
Understanding the causes of Brugada syndrome helps guide treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Patients are often advised to avoid certain medications, promptly manage fevers, and undergo regular heart monitoring — especially if they have a family history of sudden cardiac death.
[Next: Symptoms of Brugada Syndrome →]
