Causes of Bulimia
Causes of bulimia are complex and often involve a mix of psychological, genetic, cultural, and environmental factors. The most common causes of bulimia include low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, trauma, and societal pressures related to beauty and weight.
Psychological factors play a central role. People with bulimia often have distorted beliefs about food, weight, and self-worth. They may use food to cope with stress, sadness, loneliness, or boredom — and then purge to relieve the associated guilt and anxiety. Perfectionism, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive traits, and a need for control are commonly seen in those with bulimia.
Family history is another important risk factor. People with a close relative who has an eating disorder, depression, or substance abuse are more likely to develop bulimia. This may be due to genetic vulnerability as well as shared family environments and attitudes towards food and body image.
Trauma and difficult life experiences — including childhood abuse, bullying, or significant loss — may increase the risk. These events can lead to a sense of emotional instability or a need to regain control, often expressed through disordered eating patterns.
Cultural and societal influences also play a powerful role. Media and fashion industries often promote unrealistic body ideals, particularly thinness in women and muscularity in men. Social media platforms amplify these messages, contributing to body dissatisfaction and dieting behaviours, which can spiral into bulimia.
Causes of Bulimia
Participation in certain sports or activities that emphasise weight control — such as gymnastics, running, wrestling, ballet, or modelling — may further increase risk, particularly when coaches or peers encourage strict weight standards.
Dieting itself is a well-established risk factor. Restrictive eating can lead to intense food cravings, which in turn trigger binge eating. The subsequent guilt often leads to purging, reinforcing the cycle.
Understanding the causes of bulimia is key to effective prevention and treatment. Addressing the underlying psychological triggers, societal pressures, and trauma — alongside nutritional rehabilitation — forms the foundation of recovery.
