Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
Causes of cervical spondylosis are primarily linked to ageing and the natural deterioration of spinal structures over time. However, several other factors can accelerate this process and contribute to the development of cervical spondylosis earlier in life.
1. Degeneration of Intervertebral Discs
One of the first changes in cervical spondylosis is disc degeneration. As we age, spinal discs lose water content and elasticity. This reduces their ability to act as shock absorbers between the vertebrae, making the neck more vulnerable to stiffness and pain.
2. Bone Spur Formation
As the discs wear down, the body attempts to compensate by growing new bone — known as osteophytes. While this is meant to stabilise the spine, bone spurs can narrow the space through which nerves exit the spinal cord, leading to compression and nerve-related symptoms.
3. Joint Changes | Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
The small joints in the back of the neck, called facet joints, also experience wear and tear. Over time, cartilage inside these joints can erode, causing friction, inflammation, and stiffness — much like in osteoarthritis elsewhere in the body.
4. Ligament Stiffening
Ligaments in the neck may thicken or stiffen with age, reducing flexibility and making neck movement more difficult. In severe cases, these changes can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots.
5. Previous Injuries or Trauma | Causes of Cervical Spondylosis
Past trauma such as whiplash or sports-related injuries can weaken the spinal structure and accelerate degenerative changes. Even minor injuries, if repetitive, may contribute to early onset cervical spondylosis.
6. Lifestyle and Occupational Factors
People with jobs that require repetitive neck movements, long hours at a desk, or heavy lifting are at increased risk. Poor posture, lack of physical activity, and smoking can also contribute to early degeneration.
Although cervical spondylosis is mostly related to ageing, understanding its causes helps in adopting preventive measures — such as improving posture, exercising regularly, and avoiding excessive neck strain.
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