Causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Causes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are not entirely clear, but scientists believe a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related factors contribute to the development of this disease. Understanding the causes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is essential for risk assessment and ongoing research into prevention.
1. Genetic Predisposition
One of the strongest indicators of CLL risk is family history. Individuals with a close relative who has CLL or another type of blood cancer are more likely to develop the condition themselves. Specific gene mutations, including abnormalities in chromosomes 13, 11, and 17, have been associated with CLL. Although these genetic changes are acquired rather than inherited, research continues into how inherited traits may influence susceptibility.
2. Age and Gender
CLL primarily affects older adults. The average age at diagnosis is around 70, and the risk increases significantly with age. It is rare in individuals under 40. Men are about twice as likely to develop CLL compared to women, though the reasons for this disparity remain unclear.
3. Ethnicity | Causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
There is a higher prevalence of CLL among people of European descent. The disease is less common in Asian and African populations, though migration studies suggest that environmental exposures also play a role, since risk levels change after relocation.
4. Environmental Factors
Exposure to certain chemicals, especially herbicides and insecticides, has been linked to an increased risk of CLL. One well-documented example is Agent Orange, used during the Vietnam War, which has been associated with a higher incidence of CLL in exposed military personnel. Farming and agricultural occupations may also carry increased risk.
5. Immune System Irregularities
People with autoimmune conditions or weakened immune systems due to infections such as HIV may have a higher chance of developing CLL. Although not a direct cause, immune system dysfunction may influence the onset or progression of the disease.
6. Radiation Exposure | Causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Unlike other cancers, ionising radiation is not strongly linked to CLL. However, it remains under investigation, especially in relation to other blood cancers.
Importantly, CLL is not caused by lifestyle choices such as smoking, alcohol use, or diet. Nor is it contagious. However, general health and immune function can influence how the disease manifests and progresses.
While many of the causes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia remain under investigation, knowing the associated risk factors can help identify high-risk individuals and guide future prevention strategies. Ongoing genetic research may eventually uncover targeted ways to prevent or delay disease development.
[Next: Symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia →]
