Causes of Cystitis
Causes of cystitis can be broadly divided into infectious and non-infectious categories. While bacterial infection remains the leading cause, a variety of other factors can trigger inflammation in the bladder. Understanding these causes is vital for both treatment and prevention of future episodes.
Bacterial Infections
The most common cause of cystitis is a urinary tract infection (UTI) due to bacteria entering the bladder
In about 80% of cases, the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is responsible
Bacteria enter through the urethra and multiply in the bladder lining, leading to inflammation
Sexual Activity
Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract
Women may experience cystitis more frequently after sexual activity, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as “honeymoon cystitis”
Poor Hygiene or Improper Wiping
Wiping back to front after using the toilet can move bacteria from the anus to the urethra
Poor hygiene habits increase the risk of introducing pathogens to the urinary tract
Urinary Catheters | Causes of Cystitis
Long-term use of urinary catheters is a known cause of catheter-associated cystitis
Catheters can introduce bacteria into the bladder and cause irritation even in the absence of infection
Non-Infectious Causes
Some people experience cystitis without a bacterial infection. These include:
Chemical irritants such as bubble bath, soaps, or feminine hygiene sprays
Radiation therapy to the pelvic area can damage the bladder lining
Medications like cyclophosphamide may cause bladder irritation as a side effect
Hormonal Changes
Postmenopausal women are more prone to cystitis due to decreased oestrogen, which affects the urinary tract’s protective lining
Other Risk Factors
Holding urine for extended periods
Dehydration
Underlying conditions like diabetes or kidney stones
Structural abnormalities in the urinary tract
In conclusion, causes of cystitis vary widely from infections to chemical irritants. Identifying the specific cause in each case is essential for appropriate management and to prevent recurrence.
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