Causes of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Causes of developmental dysplasia of the hip are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, mechanical, and environmental factors. In many cases, the exact reason for developmental dysplasia of the hip is not clear. However, certain risk factors and developmental influences are strongly associated with the condition.
Genetic Factors
Family history plays a significant role. If a parent or sibling has had DDH, a child’s risk of developing the condition increases. Some studies suggest a genetic predisposition related to joint laxity. Where the ligaments and connective tissues are more elastic, allowing the hip to become unstable more easily.
Mechanical and Positional Factors
The position of the baby in the womb can influence hip development. Breech presentation (when the baby is born bottom-first rather than head-first) places additional pressure on the hips and limits their ability to move freely. This increased pressure can prevent the ball of the hip joint from settling properly in the socket.
First-born babies are also at increased risk due to the tighter space in the uterus. Which may restrict movement and proper joint alignment. The left hip is more frequently affected because of the typical position of the foetus in the womb, with the left hip pressed against the mother’s spine.
Postnatal Influences
Certain cultural practices, particularly swaddling methods that keep a baby’s legs tightly extended and together, can contribute to the development or worsening of DDH. Swaddling that does not allow natural hip flexion and abduction can inhibit proper hip development.
Hormonal Influence | Causes of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
During pregnancy, maternal hormones like relaxin help loosen the mother’s joints in preparation for birth. These hormones may also affect the baby’s joints, especially in female infants, making their hip joints more susceptible to instability.
In summary, the causes of developmental dysplasia of the hip are linked to genetics, in-utero positioning, hormonal effects, and cultural practices. Understanding these risk factors is key to prevention, early detection, and effective management.
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