Causes of Diabetes Causes of diabetes differ depending on the type of condition. While diabetes is broadly characterised by high blood sugar levels due to insulin issues, the underlying causes involve genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Understanding these causes is essential for prevention, early diagnosis, and effective management. Type 1 Diabetes An autoimmune reaction causes the body’s immune system to attack the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas This results in little to no insulin production The exact cause is unclear, but genetics and viral infections may play a role Typically appears in childhood or adolescence, but can develop in adults (LADA) Type 2 Diabetes Caused by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin The pancreas initially compensates by producing more insulin, but over time it can’t keep up Strongly associated with: Obesity Physical inactivity Unhealthy diet Family history of diabetes Ageing and ethnic background (higher prevalence in African, South Asian, and Caribbean populations) Gestational Diabetes Occurs during pregnancy when hormones interfere with insulin function Most common in women with a family history of diabetes, overweight individuals, or those over 25 Usually temporary but increases future risk of Type 2 diabetes Other Causes of Diabetes Pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, can impair insulin production Certain medications, including steroids, antipsychotics, and immunosuppressants, can cause secondary diabetes Hormonal disorders, such as Cushing’s syndrome, can also contribute Risk Factors Across All Types Genetic predisposition plays a significant role Environmental triggers, such as viral infections or stress, may initiate autoimmune processes Modifiable factors—diet, weight, and exercise—are especially relevant in Type 2 In conclusion, causes of diabetes range from genetic and autoimmune to lifestyle-related and environmental. While some risk factors are unavoidable, many cases—particularly Type 2—can be prevented or delayed through healthier habits. [Next: Symptoms of Diabetes →]