Causes of Dislocated Kneecap
The causes of dislocated kneecap injuries are most commonly linked to trauma or sudden movements that force the patella out of its normal groove. This can happen when a person plants their foot and twists the leg, especially during high-speed or pivoting activities. A direct blow to the knee, such as a tackle in rugby or a fall during running, can also lead to a dislocated kneecap.
Sports that involve quick directional changes, jumping, or impact—such as football, basketball, and hockey—frequently see cases of this injury. Gymnasts and dancers, who require high levels of flexibility and knee rotation, may also be at increased risk. However, not all dislocations are due to high-impact incidents. Some people have underlying anatomical issues that make their kneecap more likely to dislocate.
One of the most significant causes of dislocated kneecap is a shallow femoral groove—the channel in the thigh bone that guides the patella during movement. If this groove is not deep enough, the patella can easily slide out of place. Weakness in the quadriceps muscles, which help stabilise the knee, can also contribute. When these muscles aren’t strong enough to hold the kneecap in position, even minor stress can lead to dislocation.
Ligament laxity is another major factor. People with naturally looser ligaments, such as those with hypermobility disorders, are more prone to joint dislocations, including the patella. Genetics can also play a role, with some families more likely to experience joint instability or abnormal knee alignment.
Poor footwear, inadequate warm-up, and uneven terrain may further increase the risk, particularly in sports settings. In South Africa, where many rural or township schools lack proper playing surfaces or athletic footwear, children and adolescents may be more vulnerable to knee injuries, including dislocated kneecap episodes.
Causes of Dislocated Kneecap
Additionally, prior dislocations make future ones more likely. Once the ligaments and tissues around the patella have been stretched or torn, they are less capable of holding the kneecap in its proper position. Without adequate rehabilitation, this can become a chronic issue.
Identifying the underlying causes of dislocated kneecap helps guide prevention strategies and treatment plans. Whether the injury stems from sports, anatomy, or repetitive strain, addressing these factors is key to reducing the chance of recurrence and maintaining knee stability over time.
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