Causes of Dyspraxia
The exact causes of dyspraxia are not fully understood. However, research points to differences in brain development, particularly in the areas responsible for planning, coordinating, and executing movements. These neurological differences make it harder. Especially for individuals with dyspraxia to translate thought into action with the same ease or accuracy as their peers.
One leading theory is that dyspraxia results from immaturity in the development of neurons in the brain, particularly in regions like the cerebellum and parietal lobes. These areas are crucial for controlling movement, balance, and spatial awareness. The messages sent from the brain to the muscles may be delayed, incomplete, or misdirected, leading to coordination difficulties.
Genetics
Genetics may also play a role in the causes of dyspraxia. The condition sometimes runs in families, suggesting an inherited component. However, no single gene has been identified as the direct cause. Environmental factors before or shortly after birth may contribute as well. These can include premature birth, low birth weight, a lack of oxygen at birth, or maternal illness during pregnancy.
Certain complications during early development are also thought to increase the risk. Children who suffer early brain injury or experience delayed motor milestones (such as crawling or walking) may later be diagnosed with dyspraxia. However, not all children with delayed development have the condition.
Some studies suggest that difficulties with sensory processing—the brain’s ability to interpret and respond to sensory information—may also play a role in dyspraxia. Children may struggle to judge where their body is in space, which affects movement planning and coordination.
In South Africa, the causes of dyspraxia may be compounded by systemic issues like poor maternal healthcare, low birth weight, or limited access to early childhood screening. Children in underprivileged communities often face multiple risk factors, yet few are formally diagnosed due to lack of resources or awareness.
Causes of Dyspraxia
It is important to note that dyspraxia is not caused by intellectual disability, emotional disturbance, or behavioural problems—though these may develop as secondary effects if the condition is misunderstood or unsupported. The core issue lies in motor coordination, not intelligence or willpower.
Understanding the causes of dyspraxia helps families and educators respond with empathy rather than frustration. Early intervention, even without a full diagnosis, can greatly improve outcomes by supporting children in building coordination, independence, and resilience.
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