Causes of Flat Feet
The causes of flat feet range from genetics to injury and medical conditions. Flat feet can develop at any age, although the underlying reason often varies depending on when the condition appears.
Congenital (Present at Birth)
Some people are born with flat feet due to underdeveloped arches
It is common in infants and young children, and most develop arches naturally by age six
If arches do not form, the person may have flexible flat feet, which usually remain symptom-free
Ageing and Wear-and-Tear
Arches can collapse gradually over time due to the weakening of posterior tibial tendons
This process often begins in middle age, particularly in women
Ligament laxity, poor footwear, and years of standing or walking on hard surfaces can contribute
Injury and Trauma
Sprains, fractures, or tendon tears around the ankle or foot can alter foot structure
Damage to the posterior tibial tendon is a leading cause of adult-acquired flatfoot
Severe or untreated injuries can lead to progressive arch collapse
Obesity and Pregnancy
Excess weight places additional pressure on the arches, stretching ligaments and tendons
Pregnancy-related hormonal changes can temporarily weaken foot structures, causing flat feet
Repeated pregnancies or long-term obesity increase the likelihood of permanent arch collapse
Medical Conditions
Flat feet are also associated with:
Arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, which can affect foot joints
Diabetes, due to nerve damage and poor circulation
Tarsal coalition, a rare condition where foot bones fuse together, limiting mobility
Hypermobility syndromes, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Poor Footwear | Causes of Flat Feet
Long-term use of unsupportive shoes, such as flip-flops or flat-soled trainers, can contribute
High heels may also affect foot mechanics and worsen flatfoot over time
Understanding the causes of flat feet helps clinicians and individuals choose the right interventions to prevent worsening symptoms and maintain foot function throughout life.
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