Causes of Gastritis
The causes of gastritis vary depending on the type and severity of inflammation. Gastritis usually results from damage to the stomach’s protective lining, often triggered by irritants, infections, or autoimmune activity. Understanding what causes gastritis helps in both prevention and targeted treatment.
H. pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium that infects the stomach lining
It’s a leading cause of chronic gastritis worldwide
Spreads through unclean food, water, or from one person to another contact
Over time, H. pylori can weaken the mucosal barrier, causing inflammation and possibly ulcers
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Long-term use of NSAIDs like ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin can damage the stomach lining
These medications interfere with prostaglandins, which help maintain the stomach’s protective layer
The risk increases with higher doses or longer periods of use
Alcohol and Smoking
Excessive alcohol irritates the stomach lining and increases acid production
Smoking slows the healing of the gastric mucosa and worsens existing inflammation
Both are significant risk factors for chronic gastritis
Stress-Related Gastritis
Physical stress from major surgery, burns, or severe infections can cause acute gastritis
Sometimes called “stress ulcers,” these occur when blood flow to the stomach lining is reduced
Common in hospitalised or critically ill patients
Autoimmune Gastritis
The immune system mistakenly attacks the stomach’s parietal cells
Leads to vitamin B12 deficiency and increased risk of pernicious anaemia
Often associated with other autoimmune disorders like thyroid disease or type 1 diabetes
Bile Reflux
Occurs when bile flows back into the stomach from the small intestine
This irritates the stomach lining and contributes to chronic gastritis
May happen after gallbladder surgery or in people with gastrointestinal motility disorders
Diet and Lifestyle
Spicy foods and caffeine can worsen symptoms in some individuals, although they don’t directly cause gastritis
Irregular eating habits, high stress, or skipping meals may also contribute to symptom flare-ups
Causes of Gastritis
Recognising the causes of gastritis enables healthcare providers to recommend effective lifestyle changes and treatment plans that reduce inflammation and promote healing.
