Cholera – Overview
The Cholera disease is a severe bacterial infection of the small intestine caused by ingesting water or food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. This condition can cause rapid and life-threatening dehydration due to profuse diarrhoea and vomiting. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to shock, organ failure, and death within hours — but with timely care, most people recover fully.
The disease spreads through contaminated water or food, particularly in areas with poor sanitation, overcrowding, or lack of access to clean drinking water. Cholera is especially dangerous during humanitarian crises, natural disasters, or in regions without proper sewage infrastructure.
Although this condition is rare in many developed countries, it remains a significant public health concern in parts of Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Globally, it causes an estimated 1.3 to 4 million cases and up to 143,000 deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization.
Cholera
Symptoms can range from mild to severe, but the hallmark sign is a sudden onset of watery diarrhoea that resembles rice water. Rapid fluid loss can result in electrolyte imbalances, muscle cramps, and circulatory collapse. This can be fatal, especially in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Prevention focuses on access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hygiene practices, and, in some areas, oral cholera vaccines. With fast rehydration therapy, antibiotics (when needed), and supportive care, most patients make a full recovery.
