Coeliac Disease – Overview
Coeliac disease is a serious autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the small intestine after gluten ingestion. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and for individuals with this disease, consuming gluten triggers inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. This condition affects how nutrients are absorbed by the body, often leading to malnutrition and various health issues if left untreated.
The disease affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. However, many cases remain undiagnosed due to its wide-ranging symptoms and occasional lack of obvious digestive complaints. People with this disease must follow a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, as even small amounts of gluten can cause intestinal damage and symptoms to return. Unlike wheat allergy or gluten sensitivity, coeliac disease causes an immune response that directly damages the tissue of the small intestine, particularly the villi — tiny finger-like projections that aid in nutrient absorption.
Coeliac Disease – Overview
This disease can develop at any age, from infancy through adulthood. It may present following a trigger such as surgery, infection, pregnancy, or severe stress, but in many cases, the onset is gradual. The condition can be silent for years or masked by symptoms that mimic other illnesses, making diagnosis challenging without specific testing.
If not treated correctly, coeliac disease can lead to serious complications. Such as osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and increased risk of small bowel cancer. Children with undiagnosed this disease may suffer from growth delays or behavioural changes. The only effective treatment is a strict gluten-free diet, which allows the intestinal lining to heal and symptoms to subside.
In conclusion, coeliac disease is a lifelong autoimmune condition with potentially serious consequences if undiagnosed. Fortunately, with proper diagnosis. Dietary changes, and ongoing medical support, most individuals with the condition can live full and healthy lives. Public awareness and routine screening in high-risk groups are improving detection and outcomes.
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