Complications and Recovery from Dengue
Complications and recovery from dengue depend on the severity of the infection and how quickly it is diagnosed and treated. While most individuals recover from dengue without lasting effects, a small percentage develop severe complications that can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.
Complications of Severe Dengue
Severe dengue, also known as dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, can cause:
Plasma leakage, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs or abdomen
Severe bleeding, both internal and external
Low platelet count, which reduces the body’s ability to clot blood
Organ damage, including liver failure, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), or kidney injury
These complications typically occur during the critical phase, when the fever begins to subside (days 4–7 of illness). Immediate medical attention is crucial to reduce the risk of mortality.
Warning Signs of Complications
Sudden drop in blood pressure (shock)
Cold extremities
Restlessness or altered consciousness
Persistent vomiting
Bleeding from gums, nose, or under the skin
If any of these signs occur, emergency care and hospital admission are necessary.
Long-Term Recovery
For most patients:
Symptoms resolve within one to two weeks
A period of post-viral fatigue may follow
Appetite, energy levels, and sleep patterns gradually return to normal
In some cases, especially in children and the elderly, weakness may persist for several weeks. Nutritional support, hydration, and rest aid in full recovery.
Post-Infection Immunity and Risk
After recovering from one serotype of the virus, individuals are immune to that type
However, they remain at risk for infection by the remaining serotypes
Subsequent infections carry a higher risk of severe dengue due to an immune system phenomenon known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)
Preventing Complications and Recovery from Dengue
Early diagnosis and monitoring
Avoiding self-medication with anti-inflammatories
Maintaining hydration
Seeking prompt care when symptoms worsen
In conclusion, complications and recovery from dengue vary but are greatly influenced by the timing of diagnosis and quality of care received. With attentive monitoring and proper medical support, the vast majority of patients make a full recovery and return to normal life.
